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Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
What is it ?
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a procedure that checks embryos created during IVF for genetic problems before they are transferred into the uterus. It helps ensure the healthiest embryos are selected, increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy.
A small number of cells are taken from an embryo to test for:
- Chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., missing or extra chromosomes).
- Genetic disorders (e.g., inherited diseases like cystic fibrosis).
The goal is to improve the chances of having a healthy baby while reducing the risk of miscarriage or passing on genetic conditions.
What are the benefits of PGT？
- Improves IVF success rates: By transferring only healthy embryos.
- Reduces risk of miscarriage: Many miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities.
- Prevents genetic diseases: Ensures your child doesn’t inherit certain conditions.
- Saves time and emotional stress: Avoids multiple failed IVF cycles.
What are the benefits of PGT？
- Improves IVF success rates: By transferring only healthy embryos.
- Reduces risk of miscarriage: Many miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities.
- Prevents genetic diseases: Ensures your child doesn’t inherit certain conditions.
- Saves time and emotional stress: Avoids multiple failed IVF cycles.
Suitable for
- Couples with a family history of genetic conditions.
- Women over 35 (higher risk of chromosomal issues).
- Couples who’ve had multiple miscarriages.
- Parents who already have a child with a genetic disorder.
- Individuals seeking gender selection for medical reasons.
Step By Step Process:
Step 1
Embryo Biopsy
(Day 5/6 after Fertilisation Step in IVF)
A small number of cells are gently removed from the outer layer of the embryo.
Step 2
Genetic Analysis
The biopsied cells are sent to a specialized genetic laboratory, where advanced genetic testing techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are employed to analyse the genetic composition of the embryos.
Step 3
Genetic Results
The results are provided to the IVF team. The genetic report includes information about the chromosomal status or specific genetic mutations in each embryo, enabling the selection of healthy and genetically normal embryos for transfer.
Step 4
Embryo Transfer
Healthy embryos are either transferred immediately or frozen for later use.
More About the Procedure :
Duration
Testing takes about 1–2 weeks, during which embryos are safely frozen
Pain Level
The procedure is painless for patients since it occurs in the lab
Recovery Timeline
No impact on the recovery timeline of the IVF cycle
Pre-Assessment Requirements
IVF cycle with embryo creation.
Quick Answers to Common Queries:
Genetic testing of embryos is still a relatively new technology and is often not covered by insurance which can make it costly for patients. The cost of PGT differs based on the genetics lab, the fertility clinic you are doing IVF at, and the number of embryos you are testing.
PGT can ensure that the embryo selected for transfer has the correct number of chromosomes, thereby reducing the chances for a failed IVF cycle and reducing the chance of miscarriage.
Read more about the benefits here.
The goal of PGT is to allow your doctor and team to select embryos predicted to be free of a specific genetic condition or chromosome abnormalities for transfer. This test provides patients with an opportunity to reduce the chance for a genetic disease in their future children prior to pregnancy.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders (PGT-M): Utilized when there is a known genetic condition or a family history of a specific genetic disorder. It involves testing embryos for specific genetic mutations or abnormalities associated with inherited diseases in a family, such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia, or muscular dystrophy.
Preimplantation Generic Testing for Structural Rearangements (PGT-SR): Employed in cases where one or both partners have structural rearrangements of their chromosomes. These rearrangements, such as translocations or inversions, can increase the risk of producing embryos with imbalanced chromosome arrangements.
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